What is Ebola virus disease (EVD) - Ebola definition

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What is Ebola virus disease (EVD)?

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What is Ebola virus disease?

Ebola disease is a hemorrhagic fever caused by a type of RNA virus. Ebola is highly contagious and often fatal. Ebola is transmitted through contact with the body fluids of an infected person. It was discovered in 1976 in Africa and is named after a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There are four subtypes of this virus of which one type appears to affect only primates. The rest of three can infect and spread from human to human.

In an outbreak, the first infection is usually occurs from an affected animal to humans. The virus infection can spread through contaminated needles, body fluids, vomit, blood, faeces, urine and direct skin contact. The infection becomes highly contagious in its later stages. The incubation period spans between 2-21 days. There is high mortality rate among the infected. Even the dead body may remain contagious up to three days. Health care personnel attending EVD patients are required to wear protective equipment. There is no standard treatment for this disease.

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Definition of Ebola virus disease

Definition by merriam-webster.com: "the hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus —called also Ebola Fever."

Ebola virus

Definition by thefreedictionary.com: "a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to Africa."

Definition by yourdictionary.com: "Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a type of RNA virus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is highly contagious and is often fatal in humans and some primates, like monkeys and gorillas."

What are the symptoms of Ebola disease

The early symptoms include high fever, sore throat, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, body aches, muscle pain, joint pain, severe headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, hiccups, difficulty in swallowing and abdominal pain. This phase is followed by bleeding phase.

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There is both internal and external bleeding. Blood may be coughed up, vomited or excreted in stool. Bleeding of skin can form petechiae and purpura. The blood loss can lead to death.

What is the treatment for Ebola disease

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There is no standard treatment for this disease and early supportive care and hydration can help in survival. In some cases antiviral medicines were found to be helpful. Vaccines for this disease are under development in many research centres.

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References:
1.http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ebola-virus/basics/definition/con-20031241

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Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_virion.jpg
Author: CDC/Cynthia Goldsmith | License: Public domain

What is malaria disease? - Definition of malaria

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What is malaria disease?

Home › Malaria immunity › Pneumonia in children › What is malaria disease - Malaria definition

What is malaria disease?

Malaria is a vector-borne life-threatening infectious disease. It is caused by protozoan parasites from the Plasmodium family and spread by the mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Individuals with the disease have repeated bouts of high fever, chills, shivering and flu-like symptoms. According to the World Health Organization, in 2012 an estimated 207 million clinical cases of malaria occurred worldwide resulting in 627,000 deaths.

The disease is mosquito-borne and can only be transmitted from an affected person to another healthy person by mosquito bite. In some rare cases improperly sterilized injection needles had spread the infection. Malaria disease predominantly affects the red blood cells. The parasites enter the erythrocytes for their growth process. After undergoing development and asexual multiplication, they cause the death of the infected host cell and re-enter the bloodstream to infect more cells. Plasmodium species, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae are known to affect and infect.

The babies of pregnant women affected by this infection, have low birth weight and decreased survivability.

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Prompt diagnosis and treatment, can cure the disease. A malaria relapse is always possible as the parasite may not get totally eradicated and remain dormant in the liver to get reactivated after months or even years. Vaccines for the infection have been developed and are undergoing trials.

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Malaria definition

Image of malaria vector
Anopheles stephensi mosquito

Definition by thefreedictionary.com: "It is defined as a serious infectious disease spread by certain mosquitoes. It is most common in tropical climates. It is characterized by recurrent symptoms of chills, fever, and an enlarged spleen."

Definition by medterms.com: "An infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites from the Plasmodium family that can be transmitted by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito or by a contaminated needle or transfusion."

Definition by merriam-webster.com: "a serious disease that causes chills and fever and that is passed from one person to another by the bite of mosquitoes."

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The recorded * history of malaria dates back to circa 1323 BC. DNA analysis conducted in 2010 showed the presence of malaria in King Tutankhamun (ruled ca. 1332 BC – 1323 BC), an Egyptian pharaoh. The * life cycle of malaria parasite passes through two hosts. When an Anopheles mosquito ingests the blood of an infected person, the gametocytes of the parasite enter the mosquito's stomach and go through various stages to form sporozoites. The infected mosquito transmits the disease to a new human host.

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References: 1.http://www.who.int/topics/malaria/en/

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Image source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anopheles_stephensi.jpeg
Image author:Jim Gathany, CDC.
Image license: Public domain
Current topic in health and fitness tips: What is malaria disease and its definition.

Physical health definition

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Physical health definition The definition of health by WHO states that "It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".
In the definition of physical health it can be stated that "it is an important part of the overall well-being of a person. It includes fitness, agility, cardiovascular condition, endurance, muscular strength etc."

It is a state of complete well-being in which a person is totally fit to perform his daily routine activities without any hindrance. This description is very broad and covers every aspect of outward activities by our body and also perfect performance of our internal organs.
Physical health
Our outward activities like, walking, running, seeing, hearing etc. must be fine tuned and normal. Our internal organ systems and their activities must be perfect and normal in a state of fitness.

Hence another definition of physical health may be stated as "a way to maintain our well-being and fitness with activities which enhance our overall well-being by sufficient exercise and right type of nutrition."

Social health definition

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Social health definition In the definition of health, the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasises the three aspects of physical, mental and social well being.
Hence the definition can be 'a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. It is a positive concept emphasizing personal and collective resources, as well as physical and mental capacities.' It is also 'a way to remove health disparities.'

Healthcare inequality (also called health disparity in some countries) refers to growing gaps in quality of healthcare and its access across ethnic, racial, gender and economic groups. There are population-specific differences in the presence of disease, well being, or access to healthcare.

Another definition is 'methods to lessen the effects of social determinants on the well being of individuals and societies. These determinants with ramifying effects are the social and economic conditions that shape the health of communities, individuals, and jurisdictions as a whole.

These conditions determine whether one will remain healthy or become ill. These determinants are about the quantity and quality of a variety of resources that a society makes available to its members. These determinants also decide the extent to which a individual possesses the personal and physical resources to satisfy needs, identify and achieve personal wishes and aspirations, cope with the environment and face exigencies (a broader definition of social health).

Public health definition

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Public health definition

Definition in wikipedia

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting well being through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." (definition in wikipedia)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health

Definition in Wiktionary

The science and practice of community hygiene; includes preventive medicine, health education, sanitation and environmental safety

en.wiktionary.org/wiki/health

Definition in Medterms medical dictionary

The approach to medicine that is concerned with the health of the community as a whole.

It has been said that: "Health care is vital to all of us some of the time, but public health is vital to all of us all of the time." (definition in medterms medical dictionary)

www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp

This science is divided into fields like biostatistics, environment, social behaviour, epidemiology, occupation and epidemiology.

This public service has two distinct characteristics. The first characteristic deals with preventive rather than curative aspects.

The second characteristic deals with population-level, rather than individual-level of issues.

Now the focus of this social service is to prevent rather than treat a disease through surveillance, follow up and monitoring of cases and the promotion of cleanliness.

In addition, in most cases treating a disease can be vital and important to preventing its spread to others, such as during an outbreak of infectious epidemic.

It is also equally important to protect a community from contaminated food or water sources.

Vaccination programs and distribution of medical face masks are examples of public health measures.

Mental health definition

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Mental health definition

Mental health is an important, essential and integral constituent of health.

The WHO definition states: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Hence on the basis of the above definition, we can redefine mental health as a state of complete psychological well-being and not merely the absence of psychological disabilities or disorders.

WHO definition

The WHO defines as "a being of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community".

Emotional wellness is not only the foundation for individual well-being but also foundation for the effective functioning of a community.

Psychological wellness is a positive attribute which contributes to emotional well-being, creativity and capacity to take on the challenges of life.

At any point of time, wellness of a person's mind is determined by many biological, psychological and social factors.

Persistent stress and socio-economic pressures affect the emotional well-being of individuals and communities.

Hence its definition is more than the mere absence of a mental illness or disorder.

Education, culture, physical health and society can have great impact on the mind and health of a person.

What is health? - The definition of health

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The definition of health

Definition of health

The state of being hale and sound, in body and mind and being in the state free from physical disease or pain.

WHO (World Health Organization )

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
http://who.int/about/en/

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit; especially : freedom from physical disease or pain.
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

The Free Online Dictionary - Definition

1.The overall condition of an organism at a given time.

2. Soundness, especially of body or mind; freedom from disease or abnormality.

3.The state of being bodily and mentally vigorous and free from disease
thefreedictionary.com/

Princeton University-WordNet

1.A state of wellbeing free from disease
2.The general condition of body and mind
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

Wikipedia - Definition

Health is the general condition of a person in all aspects. It is also a level of functional and/or metabolic efficiency of an organism, often implicitly human.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/